Circumduction involves?

Circumduction is a movement that combines several different types of joint motions, specifically flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction, in a circular or conical pattern. This complex movement allows a limb to move in a circular trajectory while maintaining the limb's position, creating a full range of motion around a joint, such as at the shoulder or hip.

In more detail, during circumduction, a combination of flexion and extension occurs as the limb moves through its range of motion in different planes. Adduction brings the limb closer to the midline of the body when moving back toward the body after abduction, which moves the limb away from the midline. This sequence effectively creates the circular motion associated with circumduction.

The other options focus on narrower movements. For instance, flexion and extension alone do not account for the lateral movements necessary for circumduction. Similarly, horizontal flexion and extension or rotation do not encompass the complete movement spectrum found in circumduction, which requires the integration of various motions to achieve that circular path.